Coal Controller Organisation

Office of the Coal Controller (formerly known as the Coal Commissioner) was established in 1916, making it one of the oldest institutions in India's coal sector. It was originally set up to ensure government control over coal supply during World War I. The severe coal shortage led to the enactment of the Colliery Control Order in 1944 to regulate production, distribution, and pricing. This was later replaced by a more comprehensive order in 1945. In 1996, coal distribution and pricing were deregulated, and the Colliery Control Order, replaced the previous regulations. Finally, the Government of India introduced the Colliery Control Rules in August 2004.