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A French law, passed August 23, 1985, allowed people with work experience to ask for a Diploma equivalence, but this was mostly for vocational degrees. A significant change came with the Loi de Modernisation Sociale (Law of Social Modernization) dated January 17, 2002, that specifically authorized universities and other “établissements d’Enseignement supérieurs” (higher education institutions) to grant standard degrees The Diploma of Advanced Technician, named “Brevet de technicien supérieur” (BTS) diplôme d’études universitaires générales. This is a primary qualification taken after 2 years of university (DEUG) BA or similar undergraduate Degree in french studies (Licence) Masters Degree (Maîtrise/ Mastaire/ Master) French post graduate degree or equivalent (DESS) Ph.D, Doctor of Philosophy; an advanced university degree (Doctorat) based only on the work experience of the candidate. The required minimum of work experience was also lowered from five to three years.